JOPSS - Search Results

Journal Articles

Slow compression of crystalline ice at low temperature

Bauer, R.*; Tse, J. S.*; Komatsu, Kazuki*; Machida, Shinichi*; Hattori, Takanori

Nature, 585(7825), p.E9 - E10, 2020/09

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2697-7

Times Cited Count：4 Percentile：87.38(Multidisciplinary Sciences)

Pressure-induced structural transformations in deuterated crystalline ice-Ih were studied in-situ at 100 K using neutron diffraction. Very long relaxation time was allowed between small pressure increments to promote transformations to the thermodynamic stable high pressure crystalline phases. The results contradict a recent report in which measurements under similar temperature and pressure environment show successive crystal-to-crystal transformations (Tulk, et.al., Nature 2019). Instead, ice Ih was found to transform partially to an amorphous form (high density amorphous, HDA) at 1.0 GPa and then ice VII started to emerge at 1.5 GPa, a pressure substantially lower than all earlier studies. During this pressure interval, crystalline ice Ih or ice VII co-exist with HDA. The ice VII formed is stable upon pressure release down to 0.1 GPa. The very low compression rate has a profound effect on the crystallinity in the amorphous regime. Gathering all the existing experimental evidences allows an unambiguous description of the phenomenon of pressure induced amorphization. The onset of the phase transition is triggered by a shear instability of the ice lattice. The co-existence ice VII with HDA, instead of the equilibrium thermodynamic stable and proton-ordered ice-VIII under the same pressure-temperature condition reveals at low temperature there is insufficient thermal energy to overcome the substantial geometrical rearrangement from a single proton disordered H-bond network to an interpenetrating proton ordered H-bond crystalline network. Thus, leaving the proton disordered H-network intact. The analysis shows unequivocally that the structure obtained from the compression of ice is controlled by kinetics and dependent on the temperature.

Journal Articles

Coupling the advection-dispersion equation with fully kinetic reversible/irreversible sorption terms to model radiocesium soil profiles in Fukushima Prefecture

Kurikami, Hiroshi; Malins, A.; Takeishi, Minoru; Saito, Kimiaki; Iijima, Kazuki

Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 171, p.99 - 109, 2017/05

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2017.01.026

Times Cited Count：14 Percentile：45.59(Environmental Sciences)

A modified diffusion-sorption-fixation model (mDSF) is proposed to describe the vertical migration of radiocesium in soils following fallout. The model introduces kinetics for reversible sites, meaning that the exponential-shape radiocesium distribution can be reproduced immediately following fallout. The initial relaxation mass depth of the distribution is determined by the diffusion length, which depends on the distribution coefficient, sorption rate and dispersion coefficient. The model captures the long tails of the radiocesium distribution at large depths. These tails are caused by different rates for kinetic sorption and desorption.

Journal Articles

Modification of cesium absorption in plants and microorganisms by the ion-beam breeding technology

Ono, Yutaka; Hase, Yoshihiro; Sato, Katsuya; Nozawa, Shigeki; Narumi, Issey*

Hoshasen To Sangyo, (138), p.17 - 20, 2015/06

no abstracts in English

Journal Articles

X-ray diffraction of graphite-diamond transformation using various catalysts under high pressures and high temperatures

Utsumi, Wataru; Okada, Taku; Taniguchi, Takashi*; Funakoshi, Kenichi*; Kikegawa, Takumi*; Hamaya, Nozomu; Shimomura, Osamu

Journal of Physics; Condensed Matter, 16(14), p.S1017 - S1026, 2004/04

https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/16/14/011

Times Cited Count：14 Percentile：55.96(Physics, Condensed Matter)

The graphite-diamond transformation was investigated using in-situ time-resolved X-ray diffraction experiments with a MgO dissolved aqueous fluid as the diamond forming catalyst under conditions of 6.6-8.8 GPa and 1400-1835 $^{circ}$ C. Experiments were conducted using a 180-ton DIA-type cubic-anvil apparatus installed on the beamline BL14B1 at SPring-8, a third-generation synchrotron radiation facility in Japan. By analyzing the kinetic data using the JMAK rate equation, it was clarified that altering the pressure-temperature conditions drastically changes the nucleation and growth process of diamond.